Maslow's hierarchy Needs Priority Theory of Motivation

Maslow has put forward an essential theory of motivation which has gained wide appreciation in the field of management. In fact, Maslow need hierarchy has been a mile-stone in the field of motivation. Maslow’s needs priority theory of motivation is completely based upon the human needs. According to Maslow point of view the needs and desirous of human are infinite and unlimited.

As soon as one of his needs is satisfied, another appears in its place and so on. In fact, it is a never ending process it continues from birth to death. Hence, Maslow has given an essential theory about the satisfaction of human needs. According to him human needs can be arranged from lower to the higher as shown in figure:-

 

Maslow’s Need  Hierarchy

Maslow’s Need  Hierarchy is as follows:

• Physiological Needs- Physiological needs are one of the most important needs for human being to survive their life in proper way. In fact, it is a life-giving element for human being and in the absence of fulfilling these needs people cannot walk even one step properly. Thus, it is clear that physiological needs are the prime needs for human being (Food, Shelter and clothing etc are the physiological needs for human being).

• Safety Needs- After satisfying Physiological needs people moves in search of safety needs. It is also a prominent need for human being. Safety needs for human can be classified into tow parts- (a) Physical safety [under these needs people should be protected from physical harm, ill health, economic disaster and etc.] (b) Psychological safety [it describes every one in this world has right to live without any psychological harassment. It means that every one should independent from psychological burdens].

• Social Needs- Man is a social being. Hence, they are interested in making social interaction, companionship and relationship. In fact, it is not possible for any individual to live without social interaction either with their friends or kith and kin because every one needs social interaction to share their feelings, emotions as well as sorrow and pleasant with others to sound mind. Thus it is clear that these needs are very essential for human being.

• Esteem Needs- Esteem is also called as Ego of human being. Esteem needs of human are twofold in nature, self esteem and esteem of others. Self esteem refers to one’s self-confidence, self respect, knowledge, achievements and freedom etc. Apart from this Esteem of others denotes that one, who should appreciate and respect by others on behalf of his work done. These needs also take a vital place in human life.

•  Self-Actualization- Self- Actualization is also an essential need for human being. According to Maslow what a man can be he must be. In fact, self- actualization refers to self-satisfaction of people which gains after achieving everything in their life. It means when the people will obtain everything in their life, whatever they were assumed by themselves for life than they are in the position of self-actualization. But very poor numbers of people can obtain the position of self-actualization in their life because it is not possible for every one to gain everything in their life. 

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What is a Components of Attitudes in O.B

There are the following three basic components of attitudes:

• Cognitive or informational components (Ideas, Beliefs & values, Information): In the context of components of attitudes cognitive or informational components is an essential elements because on the basis of such component an individual can develop his own attitudes in a positive way or negative way. In fact on the basis of gathering different types of information from the environments. An individual can exchange his own ideas, beliefs, value thought and opinion etc, to the other person & that basis he can also able to develop his attitude in a positive or negative way. On the whole, it is clear that informational components is an essential component for the development of attitudes.

• Emotional Components (Feeling of likes & dislikes, Positive & Negative): On the basis of emotional component an individual can able to develop his own attitudes against the objects in the positive & negative way. In fact emotional components of an individual refers to his own emotional opinion or feedback against an object as a feeling of likes or dislikes, bad or good, favorable or unfavorable way. On the whole it is clear that on the basis of emotional element an individual can be able to develop his own attitudes in a positive or negative ways. Favorable or unfavorable way, but according to the environment circumstances. In the context of attitudes emotional elements takes an essential place to develop attitudes ability in a positive or negative way. 

• Behavioral Component (Tendency to Behave): It is a last but one of the most vital aspect of attitudes because on the basis of behavioral component an individual can able to behave against an object in a positive or negative way. favorable or unfavorable, Bad or good manner. For example:- If an individual has a positive feeling he will be likely to behave positively. On other hand if and individual has a negative feeling against an object then he will be likely to behave negatively. On the whole it is clear that the tendency to behave of an individual is properly based upon the feeling of an individual. If he feels negatively against the object then he will be likely to behave negatively. But while he feel positively against the object then he will be likely to behave positively. 

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What is a Features of attitudes

Attitudes is a psychological process which is concern with the sensory organs of an individual by which he can able to learn more more & more events which is occurred surrounding of the environment. In fact an individuals can develop their own attitudes on the basis of their own needs & desires. Hence, we can say that attitude is chiefly concerned with the needs and desires of the individuals likely to be, if an individual's attitude is to watch the cinema a than his main objects is to fulfill his needs through entertainment. On the whole it is clear that attitudes is such a process by which an individual can able to give his own opinion or feedback against an object in a favorable & unfavorable way.

If an individual can able to give his own opinion in a favorable it is called positive attitudes of an individual. On the other hand, if an individual can able to give his own opinion in an unfavorable way, it is called negative attitudes of an individual and the behavior of an individual is properly based upon attitudes of an individual. In fact if the attitude of an individual is remained inside of his body is a positive way he will also behave in a favorable and positive way against the object. On the other hand of the attitude of an individual is remained inside of his personality in a negative way he will also behave in a negative or unfavorable way. On the whole. It is clear that a good behavior of an individual is based upon the good attitudes of an individual. In fact attitude and behavior of an individual is a co-related term which remains for ever inside the personality of an individual.

The Vital features of attitudes are as follows: 

• Valence: One if the most essential features of attitude Of attitude is a valence in fact valence define refers to the magnitude or degree favorable & unfavorable towards the objects. As we know that each & every individuals have their own attitude on that basis they learn & give their own opinion or feedback against the object in a favorable or unfavorable way. In fact if the attitudes of an individual is remained inside of his personality as a positive way than he will give his own opinion or feedback against the object in  a positive way & that is the favorableness of his attitudes. On the other hand if the attitudes of an individual is remained inside of his personality as a negative way than he will give his own opinion or feedback against the object in a negative way & that is the unfavorable of his attitudes. On the whole, it is clear that favorableness and unfavorableness of an individual against an object, is based upon the attitude of an individual so that it is an essential features if attitudes. 

•  Multiplicity: Multiplicity refers to the different types of elements which comes from different types of environment inside an individual. In fact an individual has a thousands of options to develop his own attitudes, On the basis of various environments. So it is identified that according to the various environmental elements one can develop his own attitude by leaps & bounds. On the whole it is clear that, While an individual survives i a different types of environment than the different types elements is observed by him & which remains inside of his personality for long period & he can also able to develop his attitude in a positive or negative way against the object. Hence, it is clear that on the basis of multiplicity an individual can increase his attitudes ability in a positive or negative way.

• Relations to needs: The another features of attitudes is that it is chiefly related to the needs & desires of the individuals. In fact attitudes of an individual can be emerged on the basis of his own needs & desires. For Example:-  If an individual is wanted to watch the cinema, than the attitudes of an individual is to watch the movies. For the purpose of  fulfilling his entertainments needs. On the While it is clear that attitude & needs is a Co-Related terms. Because without the attitudes there a no meaning if needs & without the needs an individual can't develop his attitudes in the proper way Hence, it is clear that attitude is such a Psychological activities of an individual which is chiefly concerned with the needs of an individual.    

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What is meaning of organisational Behavior

Organisational Behavior (OB) is concerned with understanding, prediction and control of the human behavior in organisation:

Explanation of this Definition Above: 

Organisational Behavior (OB) is directly related with the behavior of the organisation. In any every Organisation future are directly depended on human behavior in organisation.according to this definition Organisational Behavior (OB) is concern with understanding, here.

• Understanding: Means under organisational behavior (OB) in any organisation when human are understanding organisational responsibilities, plans & policies, and own right then the Human (organisational employer & employee). Understanding denote the work responsibility of all Individual person in organisation. 

• Prediction: Forecast (prediction) is a statement about the way things will happen in the future, in any organisation we are analysis the future of the organisation. We analysis the organisation are survive in market or not we analysis about the goodwill of the Organisation. We analysis every thing only on According to the behavior of the organisation. so organisational Behavior are concern with Prediction.

• Control of Human Behavior: Control is a foreseeing action whereas earlier concept of control was used only when errors were detected. control in management means setting standards, measuring actual performance and taking corrective action. Here controlling is related with human behavior. when in organisation human behavior are not seen good then managers take decision about this. mangers are take a now role and regulation, policies of the organisation. For correction of  human behavior. 

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What is Nature of Organisational Behavior

Management study online MSO write nature of organisational behavior in any business organisation, we post some Feature and nature of organisational behavior:

1. As a Social Science
2. Science as Well as Arts
3. Integrating approach
4. Action and Goal Oriented Approach
5. As Inexact Science
6. Organisational Behavior Exists in Multiple Level

• As a Social Science: We know that in any organisational activities are Implement by the middle level managers and low level managers. We know the activities are different and different activity are done by the different types of peoples. It means every peoples are live in different societies and below from different religions, cultures and climates, customs so peoples are different. so in any organisation managers can be hired the others peoples from the different societies. ans different s societies peoples have different thought and different sense organ, Thinking Power and have different cultures and customs. so different peoples comes in one unit of organisation that way organisational behavior nature is social science.

• Science as Well as Arts: It is a science because it follows the scientific methods of the observation, the collection of the data, the hypothesis, the theory and the model building ever open to the scientific scrutiny in terms of the relationship among variables under the study and the validity of such a relationship. It is an art, since it involves quite a subjective approach, too in terms of the skillful organization of the field studies, the collection of the data and the interpretation of the results by human beings who generally are more subjective than objective in their approach.

• Integrating approach: Organisational Behavior is of integrating character in nature. its try to developed a new socio-technical system where human dignity may be preserved with growth and development. 

• Action and Goal Oriented Approach: Organisational behavior is an action-oriented and goal oriented subject.

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What is meaning of Leadership

Leadership is a Process of Influence on a People or organisation towards the accomplishments of target (Goals). in a Simple word the action of leading a group of people or an organization is a Leadership. it is the ability of a leader to induce Subordinates to work with confidence and zeal. leadership changes potential into Realty. leadership one of the means of direction and represents that part of the manager's activities by which he guides and influences the behaviors of a subordinate and the group towards some specified goals.

According to Keith Davis "Leadership is the human factor which binds a group together and Motivates Towards the Particulars goals"

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What is a Functions of Leadership

• Setting the Target: At first of the function of leadership is to determine the target. On the basis of the policies of the organization. In fact a leader provides guidance to group of the people by setting goals. In the any business Organization a leader has an accountability to decide about the target. and after that the target which is decided by the leader is implemented by a group of the people. Who are working in the organization. On the whole it is clear that a leader provides guidance to the group of the people by setting the target. It is an essential function of a leader.

• To strive towards the goal: The another function of a leadership ostensibly to accomplish the organisational goal. Which is decided by himself. In fact a leader has an responsibility to strive the Whole activities & events towards the goal. As we know that the main objective or goals of a leader is to earn more and more Profit. But to earn more & more profit it is very essential that all the activities & events must be concerned with the Organisational goal. But its may be possible when a leader is to do the all activities towards the goal. Hence, it is clear that the function of a leader is to strive the whole activities towards the goal.

• Policy Maker: It is a Very Vital Function of a Leader. The Policy of the any organization is made by a leader. In fact a leader has a responsibility to determine the policies of the Organization. Because all the activities of the organization is done on the basic of  the Policies of the Organization. Hence, It is very essential that the Policies of the Organization must be in the favor of organization. On the other side. If the Policies of the organization is not in the favour of the organization then such kind of Organization can't survive a long time. It is the duty of a leader is to make a policy of the organization. Which is in the favour of him. On the whole it is Clear that as a policy maker it is an essential function of a leader.

• Motivation: One of the most essential function of a leader is Motivation. How to motivate a group of the people who are working in the organization for the Purpose of accomplishing organizational goal. In fact Motivation is an important weapon of a leader by which he can establish unity & coordination among-st the group of people. Who are working in the organization for the purpose of getting things done. So that it is clear that motivation must be required in the organization to do the various activities in the proper direction. On the other hand in the absence of a motivation tool a leader can't do any activity in the proper direction. Hence, it is Clear that motivation is one of the must important function of a leader. 

• To determine different activities: In the context of the functions of a leader the determination of different activities is an important function. As we know that is any business organization there different types of activities is done by the different types of the peoples. It is the liability of leader to determine the different activities & to divide the activities among-st the employees on the basis of their ability. In the absence of such function an organization can't achieve his own Objective in the proper way. On the whole it is clear that by dint of this function a leader can achieve his goal very smoothly. 

• To bring Economy in Operations: By the process of leadership a leader can bring the economy in various operations. Which is done in the Organization. As we know that under the organization there are different types of operations & activities is done by different types of the employees Hence, it is the duty of of a leader to bring economy in all operations of the organization by dint of their own ability. So that it is that to bring economy on operations leadership functions is required.   

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Whats is Types of Leaders

Generally 6 types of leaders are found in different spheres of life. The main kinds of leaders are as follow:

• Formal leader: A formal leader is selected by the organization. E.g. In the ordination a manager is a formal leader by by virtue of the authority coming from the organization. A manager influences others to help accomplish the goals of the organization. Such a Leadership lasts over a long of time.

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Whats is Meaning of Communication

The Word 'Communication' is Derived from Latin Language word 'Communis' which means common. In Simple Words, Communication is the process by which one person can exchange their own. Ideas, Feeling, thought and emotions from the other Person.

Meaning of Communication: communicate is a vital weapon of the managerial process. In fact success of any business organization of firm depends upon a vivid communication system used by a business man in order to keep in touch with its customers similarly in a business organization a proper way of communication must be required among-st the superior & subordinates for the purpose of accomplishing the organizational goal in the best & cheapest way In fact communication is the life blood of the more business.

It is a two-way channel of transmitting ideas, Plans, commands, reports, suggestions & thoughts from one individual to other individual. In fact we can say that "communication is cooperative process by which an individual can exchange his own ideas, thoughts, feeling plans and suggestion from the other person in order to keep in touch. On the whole it is clear that communication is an essential aspect of managerial process"

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What is features of communication

• Involves at least two persons: Communication is such a cooperative process for this at least two persons is required the first person is called sender, because he send the massage and the second person is called receiver, because he receive the massage on the whole it is clear that for the communication process at least two persons is required, because one person among can't communication. It is an essential nature of communication system in the business organization.

• Message is must: In the context of each & every individuals for communication message is must. Because without a right massage an individual can't communicate with other individuals in a paper way In fact on the basis of proper massage an individual can exchange his own ideas, thoughts, emotions, feeling, emotions feeling, plans, opinions & suggestion with other individuals very smoothly and on that basis they will communicate with each other for long period. Hence, it is an important nature of communication.

• Communication may be written, oral or Act: Communication may be classified into three parts. At first is written communication which is transmitted by the mail, fax, telegraph, news, papers etc. It can be more definite & more effective communication system rather than others. And second is an oral communication which is expressed oral by a telephone or face to face. It can't be more definite and more effective communication system. And the last third communication is act communication which is shown by an act, by an individual to understand about his feeling.

• Two way process: communications is such a process which is property based upon the two way communication In fact under a communication system at first an individual creates his own ideas Thoughts etc & convert it into a message & after that he transmits the messages according to the other individuals language later the other individual decoding the messages & gives he feedback against the messages & gives his feedback against the messages according to the senders language on the whole it is clear that communication is the process which is based upon the two way communication. 


• Primary function is to motivate: One of the most important feature was of communication system in the business organisation is to motivate a group of the people for the purpose of accomplishing the business goal in fact communication is a vital tool of material process by which a manager can able to motivate a group of the people so that they will encourage to do whole activities in best & cheapest way & or that basic an organization can able to earn more and more profit.

• Formal or informal: The feature of communication is that it may be formal or informal. In fact an individual can communicate with other individual & exchange their own ideas, thoughts, plans etc with each other in a formal way that is called formal communication. In a formal communication an individual can communicate with other individual on the basis of written communication. On the other hand, in an informal communication an individual can communicate with other individual on the basis of oral communication. In fact an informal communication is is based upon the individual relationship. Hence, it is clear the an individual can communicate with other individual in a formal or informal way. 

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Meaning and Definition of Learning

Learning is a psychological process which is properly based upon the attitude of an individual by which an individual can able to perceive the whole activities & the things which is occurred in front of him. In fact learning ability of an individual is properly based upon his behavior as well as attitude. If refers that if the attitudes of an individual is to learn more & more activities and things which is accrued in of him than the learning capacity of such individual should be developed. On the other hand if the attitude of an individual is not to learn more  & more options and activities, which is occurred in the organization the we can say that the learning attitude of such individual is not good to perceive the events. On the whole it is clear that the learning capability of an individual is properly based upon his perception ability as well as attitudes. Because ( the perception ability) on the basis of the perception ability & attitude an individual can grow his learning ability.

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Meaning of Attitudes

Attitudes is a psychological process which is concerned with the sensory organs of an individual by which he can able to give his own opinion or feedback against the matter. In fact attitudes is an essential elements of an individual, which remains forever inside an individual because attitude is an important internal ability of an individual by which he can able to learn more & more events & activities which is occurred surroundings of the environment.  

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What is the Importance of Organization in Management?

• Specialization: Organizing provides a great scope for bringing specialization in every department of an enterprise through putting the right person at the right jobs at the right time so that everything can occur in the right way. Infect organizing allocates the activities among the employees according to their abilities, qualifications and aptitudes. This helps to enterprise to maintain specialization among the departments. 

• Source of Co-Ordination: Organization is an important means of bringing co-Ordination among the various departments of the enterprise. It creates clear authority and responsibility relationship between superiors and subordinates. This helps to establish proper unity and co-ordination between them on behalf of conflict relationship. Thus it is clear that organization is an important source of co-Ordination.

• To attain Enterprise goals: Organization plays a significant role towards the attainment of enterprise goals. Infect, in the lack of proper organizing system any enterprise cannot able to attain its preset goals in the best and cheapest way. Because only organizing provides a way to enterprise to reach up to its goals. Hence, it is clear that organization is the means to attain enterprise goals.

• Better Utilization of Human Resource: Organization plays an important role in the better utilization of human resource. As we know that in any enterprise every activity are done by means of man and so it is too important that every employees in enterprise should get jobs according to their abilities, specialization and aptitudes as well. But this can only be possible while efficient organizing system will exist in enterprise. Thus we can say that organization helps in the better utilization of human resources.

• Optimum use of new technology: A sound organization structure is flexible and gives great scope for the introduction to new technology to the employees. So that every employee can easily take advantages to new technology and advancement for the efficient utilization of all resources.

• Provides Training and Development Programs: Organization is one of the most important means of providing training and development programs to the employees. Infect, organizing provides training and development programs to the personnel on time to time with a view to increase the abilities of personnel. So that they can take more responsibility for the development of enterprise, whenever need arises.

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what is the Steps of Organizing in Management

Organizing is such process of Management which is made for the purpose of achieving preset goals of Enterprise. The important steps which are involved in the process of Organizing can be described as follows:

• Establishing Enterprise goals or objectives: At first step which is taken in organizing process is to determine Enterprise goals or objectives. It is an essential step of organizing process. In fact, in the absence of enterprise goals or objectives there is no existence of organizing system because organizing system is adopted by any enterprise with a view to achieve its goals or objectives in an appropriate way. Thus it is clear that establishment of enterprise goals is a vital step of organizing.

• Determination of various activities: After the establishment of enterprise goals or objectives the next step which is involved in organizing process is to determine various activities. It is matter of fact that objectives of enterprise cannot be achieved by doing one activities. Hence, a group of activity is defined clearly according to its nature, size and importance so that the employees can easily understand their tasks.

• Allocation of work amongst the Employees: After the determination of group activities into sub-activities the next step of organizing process is to allocate the works amongst the employees according to their ability, qualification as well as aptitudes so that every employees can take responsibility for doing their works in the best and cheapest way. 

• Defining Authority, Responsibility and Accountability: After the allocation of work amongst the employees according to their ability, qualification and talent the next step of organizing process is to clearly define authority, responsibility as well as accountability of every employee for the purpose of successful execution of activities. It is also important to establish proper unity and co-ordination amongst the employees.

• Providing Physical Resources and Suitable Environment: After the determination of authority, responsibility and accountability of every employee the next step of organizing process is to provide adequate physical resources suitable environment to the employees so that they can easily utilize all available resources towards the attainment of enterprise goals.

• Establishing Unity and Co-ordination: It is the last but one of the most important step of organizing process. Infect, in the lack of proper unity and co-ordination among the departments, sub-departments, groups and individuals we cannot assume about efficient organizing process within enterprise.

Classification of Organizing:- 

1. Formal Organization
2. Informal Organization

• Formal Organization: Formal organization may be defined as such organization in which authority; responsibility and accountability of each individual are clearly defined. In this organization Structure authority flows from top to bottom vertically over the employees and this type of organization is established with a view to attain certain goals.

• Informal Organization: Informal organization may be defined as such organization which is established without any rules and regulations. Infect, it emerges spontaneously. The foundation of this organization depends on personal likes, dislikes, ideas, emotions etc. The purpose of establishing this organization is just to fulfill psychological as well as personal needs of the members. In an informal organization every member has equal rights and there is horizontal flow of authority. no one can dominate other members by means of his own power or authority in this organization structure.

Characteristics or Features of Formal Organization: 

• Formal Organization is established on the basis of proper rules and regulations for the achievement of certain goals.
• In formal organization authority, responsibility and accountability of each individual are clearly defined so there is no confutation about their jobs among-st the employees.
• In formal Organization, authority flows from top to bottom vertically over the employees. 
• Formal Organization is properly based on principle of unity of command. Everybody knows to whom they will take orders and instructions and to whom they will accountable so there is less chance of conflict arising in this organization. 
• In formal organization every members has impersonal relationships with each-other due to principle of unity of command. 
• Formal Organization has gained wide area of application due to universal in nature. 
• In formal organization generally written or formal communication takes place. 

Characteristics or Features of Informal Organization:

• Informal organization is established without any rules and regulations. The purpose of this organization is to fulfill the social and psychological needs of members. 
• In informal organization authority, responsibility and accountability of each individual are not clearly defined so there is a confutation about their jobs among-st the employees or members in this organization. 
• In informal organization, authority flows from bottom to top or horizontally from hind to hand.
• Informal organization is not based on principle of unity of command. nobody knows to whom they will take orders and instructions and to whom they will accountable so there is a huge possibility of conflict arising in this organization.
• In informal organization every members has personal relationships with each-other due to lack of principle of unity of command.
• Informal Organization has gained very small area of application due to not universal in nature.
• Informal Organization generally oral or informal communication takes place.

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