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Classification of Information in MIS

The Information can be Classified in a number of ways provide a better understanding. John Deaden of Harvard University classifies Information in the following Manner:

Action Information: The information which induces action is called an action information. For Example:- when the attendance of the student for a particular subject suddenly falls down 40% calls for immediate action.

Non-Action Information: Non-Action Information which is communicates only the status of a situation is a no action information. for Example:- While watching the live cricket match you understand that India's Current Run rate is 4 per over whereas its required run rate is 7 Per over.you have this information but this is non-action information.

Recurring Information: The Information that is generated at regular information. For Example:-The monthly Sales reports, Account statements.

Non-Recurring Information: Non Repetitive in nature. For Example: The financial analysis or the report on the market research.

Internal Information: The information is generated through the internal sources of the organisation.

External Information: The Information is Generated through the External sources of the organisation.

Whats is the Types of Information

Information is very useful for every Business organisation. information is most important for Decision making. in the process of decision making is generally divided into There Types are:-

Strategic Level
Tactical Level
Operational Level

1. Strategic Level:

For Strategic decision making, decision maker needs strategic information, Which is wholistic, Unstructured and draws heavily form the external environment. it would also require more futuristic inputs like the emerging technologies, Competition, consumer preferences, Socio-eco-political changes etc. As these inputs would be used for long term planning.

2. Tactical Level:

Tactical information would be used for medium/short-term planning by the middle management, Budgets, forecasts, analysis, cash/funds flow projections are part of the tactical information. Such an information is mostly form internal environments and partly form external environments like Customer Perceptions, Competitors strategy, Pricing etc. it has medium term impact.

3. Operational Level:

Operational level is mainly for/form operating people ranging peoples form a 'shift' to a day or a week or a month. it is basically about what is currently happening around within the organisation and mainly drown form internal sources it is also covers a specific product, specific activity and a smaller Group/number of happen.

One the basic of Implementation/Execution

we can divide information into planning information and Control Information.

1. Planning Information:

Planning information cover whole Organization.
Planning information has a long time span.
Planning information looks for and analyses trends/patterns.
Planning information used for working futuristic trends/forecast.

2. Control Information:

Control information is concerned with small, specific part of organisation.
Control information has a shorter time span
Control information looks for specific details for functional activity.
Control information used for assessing actual performance Vis-à-vis budgeted.

What is the Source of Information and its Concepts

We know that data is the foundation of all information. A few aspect of data, source of data and methods of collecting the data for the purposes of converting them into information are described in the paragraphs which is follow:-

Primary Data and Secondary Data:

Data are the raw material used for obtaining information. Data is derived form a number of sources, both internal as well as external. If the data is collected for the first time by the researcher, it is Classified as a Primary data. if however, data is borrowed by the researcher form the other sources, it is referred to as secondary Data.

Primary Data: Primary data could be gathered directly form the respondent. Different techniques like Observations, questionnaires, interviews etc. can be use for obtaining primary data, which can then be converted into information.
Secondary Data: Secondary data sources include internal records as well as external records. Sources like Newspaper, Magazines, trades journals, Governments publications, Government policy documents, research reports, web sites etc are includes in secondary data Sources.

Management Information System and Information Concept

Management information system should provide the information which has a surprise value and which reduces the uncertainty in decision making. it should simultaneously build the knowledge base. While designing MIS due regard should be given to the communication theory of transmitting the information form the sources of the destination. MIS should use the redundancy of data and information as a measure to control the error in communication.

Information is a quality product for organization. The quality can be ensured if the inputs of the management information system MIS are controlled on the factors of impartiality, validity, reliability, consistency and age. MIS should give regard to the information used for planning, performance, control and knowledge database.

Recognizing that the information may be misused if it falls into wrong hands, The MIS design should have the features of filtering, blocking, suppression's and delay delivery.

What is the Process of Information in MIS

As Start, Data has to be processed before information could be available. Hence, Information passed form various operations have to be carried out in Converting data into meaningful Information. we are going to understand each and every process of Information. which is given below:-

1. Capturing:

Yes, in Information Processing this is the first step and task of retrieving the relevant information. in this process data's are collect from the events and transaction for the various environment. this data has to be recorded or we can say stored in database.

2. Verifying:

Verifying, after Capturing data the second step is verifying. Under information process verifying step play a vital role, in the Process, Analyzer checked the data is valid or not for correctness. if the data is incorrect, after processing data outcome (information) is also incorrect and we know that incorrect information have no value and this information in useless for decision maker. that's way verifying is most important step in Information Process.

3. Classifying:

Classifying, Yes after capturing and verifying the data classifying is also important. Information must be classified on the basis of nature, class, size, of the data. this method of keeping information is make easy to retrieve information in a reasonable time in future work or on decision making time. its means data has must to be placed in specific categories. that's why its is most important process of information.

4. Arranging/shorting:

Arranging, when classifying process has completed after this data must be arranging. Its means data has must to be placed in a particular order and in particular sequence may be in data arranging in Priority basis, and may be size, date, time, year, and ascending or descending order basis. Method of arranging/shorting is help to find out data very easily. that my this process in important.

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What is meaning and Characteristics of Information

Initially, We have said that MIS is a system, and i MIS system is Based upon Information, So we can say Information is a blood of the Organisation, just like human body is noting without blood same as Business Organisation never take even one step without information. Thus, Information is most raw material for any business organisation.

Introduction of Information in business organisation.

Information derived form data, Data is noting but random, Unorganized collection of indication or measurements of certain qualities or attitudes relating to an entity, recorded either in alphabetical, numerical, alphanumerical, Voice, image, text or any other form. on other hand, Information is like a Finish product. Information. Therefore, is defined as data that is collected, collated, processed, logically, organised, and analyzed so as to be of use to the decision maker.

Information, According to the Davis and Olson, is "Data that has been Processed into a form that is meaningful to the recipient and is of real or perceived value in current or protective actions or decisions".

Therefore, The difference which make the difference. information brings clarity and creates an intelligent human response in the mind.

Characteristics of Information

Its improves representation of an entity
Its update the level of knowledge
Its has surprise value
Its reduces uncertainty
Its aids in Decision making

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